Flag of Brunei

Brunei

BN / BRN   4.4°, 114.6°

Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state entirely on Borneo; the remainder of the island is divided between its multi-landmass neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. As of 2025, the country had a population of 466,330, being the least populated country in Asia of whom approximately 64,409 resided in the capital and largest city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its official language is Malay, and Sunni Islam is the state religion of the country, although other religions are nominally tolerated. The government of Brunei is an absolute monarchy ruled by the Sultan, and it implements a fusion of English common law and jurisprudence inspired by Islam, including sharia.

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Capital
Bandar Seri Begawan
Population
458,949
Area
5,765 km2
Climate
Tropical
Government
Absolute monarchy or sultanate
Currency
Brunei dollar
Languages
Malay, English, Chinese dialects
Sells
refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, hydrocarbons
Sells to
Australia 21%, Japan 17%, China 17%
Land borders
1: Malaysia
Drives on the
left
Calling code
+673
Founded
1984
Hemisphere
Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Malayofficial

Largest cities

Bandar Seri Begawan  capital 64,409
Sengkurong 40,972
Mentiri 39,324
Kuala Belait 31,178
Tutong 19,151

Form of government

Absolute monarchy or sultanate.

Climate and geography

tropical; hot, humid, rainy

Climate zone

Highest point

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (1)

Figures from its history

Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah Sultan since 1967 Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah has reigned as the sultan of Brunei since 1967, and has also served as the prime minister of Brunei since its independence from British rule in 1984.