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Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country in the Indian Ocean that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth-largest island, the second-largest island country, and the 46th-largest country overall. Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo.
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WHAT PEOPLE ARE CALLED
Malagasy
These are English demonyms for people from Madagascar. A demonym describes a connection to a place; it does not mean everyone shares an ethnicity, language or religion.
Demonym source: mledoze/countries · Download the attributed dataset (ODbL)SAME LAND, DIFFERENT WORLDS
Civilizations, flags & standards
Modern borders are a starting point for exploring the past. These cultures and states occupied some of the same land; they were not the same country. Dates describe each civilization or state as a whole, not continuous rule over every place listed.
A sourced civilization and flag trail has not been added for Madagascar yet. No ancient flag is inferred from the modern one.
Explore the history of this land · Browse civilizations & empires
Turning points
A curated timeline is not available yet. Explore the country's history and the historical figures below.
Read the historical overview →Religion: state & society
An official religion is a legal status. The largest religious group is a population measure. Neither describes every person's beliefs.
Official status and a dated affiliation breakdown have not been checked for this country. The atlas's religion tags are not a population ranking.
BEYOND THE MAP
Madagascar in the study desk
Places and things the general-knowledge library connects to Madagascar. Open one to follow its connections, then practise them with typed recall.
Food & drink 2
Geography 1
Choose your next rabbit hole
Where it is
Languages
Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.
What it sells, and to whom
Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.
Imports
Trades with
Farms and fisheries
- rice
- sugarcane
- cassava
- sweet potatoes
- milk
- bananas
Largest cities
| Antananarivo capital | 1,349,501 |
| Toamasina | 345,107 |
| Antsirabe | 260,907 |
| Mahajanga | 260,556 |
| Fianarantsoa | 203,105 |
Money, belief and alliances
Money
Belongs to
Climate and geography
tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Climate zone
Highest point
Landmarks and landscapes
Southern hemisphere.
In charge right now
Figures from its history
Leaders before them
Corrected in an AI-assisted review of the imported data (2026-09-22), not yet checked against a named source: leaders.