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Madagascar

MG / MDG   -20.0°, 47.0°

Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country in the Indian Ocean that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth-largest island, the second-largest island country, and the 46th-largest country overall. Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo.

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Capital
Antananarivo
Population
31,964,956
Area
587,295 km2
Climate
Tropical
Government
Semi-presidential republic
Currency
ariary
Languages
Malagasy 99.9%, French 23.6%, English 8.2%
Sells
garments, nickel, vanilla, cloves
Sells to
USA 16%, France 15%, Japan 8%
Land borders
None
Drives on the
right
Calling code
+261
Founded
1960
Hemisphere
Southern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Malagasyofficial
99.9%
Frenchofficial
23.6%
8.2%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Exports

garments nickel vanilla cloves gold

Imports

refined petroleum rice fabric cotton fabric wheat

Trades with

USA16.0% France15.0% Japan8.0% China6.0% S. Korea6.0% Oman13.0% India8.0% South Africa5.0%

Natural resources

graphite chromite coal bauxite rare earth elements salt

Industries

meat processing seafood soap beer leather sugar

Farms and fisheries

  • rice
  • sugarcane
  • cassava
  • sweet potatoes
  • milk
  • bananas

Largest cities

Antananarivo  capital 1,349,501
Toamasina 345,107
Antsirabe 260,907
Mahajanga 260,556
Fianarantsoa 203,105

Form of government

Semi-presidential republic.

republic

Money, belief and alliances

Money

ariary

Belongs to

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie United Nations World Meteorological Organization Southern African Development Community International Development Association Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes African Union Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency UNESCO International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Indian Ocean Commission World Health Organization Interpol World Trade Organization

Climate and geography

tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Climate zone

Tropical

Highest point

Maromokotro

Landmarks and landscapes

Avenue of the Baobabs Tsingy de Bemaraha

Southern hemisphere.

In charge right now

Andry Rajoelina
Andry Rajoelina Head of state
Michael Randrianirina
Michael Randrianirina Head of state
Ruphin Zafisambo
Ruphin Zafisambo Head of government

Figures from its history

Andrianampoinimerina
Andrianampoinimerina King who unified the highlands Andrianampoinimerina ruled the Kingdom of Imerina on Madagascar from 1787 until his death.
Didier Ratsiraka
Didier Ratsiraka President for two long spells Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third president of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002.

Leaders before them

Andry Rajoelina
Andry Rajoelina 2009 to 2014
Hery Rajaonarimampianina
Hery Rajaonarimampianina 2014 to 2019
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