Finland

FI / FIN 65.0°, 27.0°

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. Finland has a population of 5.7 million. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the mother tongues of 83.5 percent and 5.0 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. Its land is predominantly covered by boreal forest, with over 180,000 recorded lakes.

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Capital

Helsinki

Population

5,652,881

Area

338,478 km2

Climate

Temperate

Government

Parliamentary republic

Languages

Finnish 85.9%, Swedish 5.2%, Russian 1.7%

Sells

paper, refined petroleum, steel, wood pulp

Sells to

USA 11%, Germany 11%, Sweden 10%

Land borders

3: Norway, Russia, Sweden

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+358

Founded

1917

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Finnishofficial

85.9%

Swedishofficial

5.2%

Russian

1.7%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

milk
barley
oats
wheat
potatoes
sugar beets

Largest cities

Helsinki capital	658,864
Espoo	323,910
Tampere	260,646
Vantaa	252,724
Oulu	216,066

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

World War II1939–1945 Winter War1939–1940 Eastern Front1941–1945 Finnish Civil War1918 Lapland War1944–1945 Continuation War1941–1944 Soviet-Finnish wars1917–1944 First Soviet-Finnish War1918–1920

Form of government

Parliamentary republic.

parliamentary republic

Money, belief and alliances

Belongs to

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Council of the Baltic Sea States Arctic Council European Southern Observatory Nordic Council European Free Trade Association United Nations World Meteorological Organization European Union International Development Association Antarctic Treaty System International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance International Energy Agency Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons NATO International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

Climate and geography

cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

Climate zone

Temperate

Highest point

Halti

Landmarks and landscapes

Lapland Suomenlinna Finnish Lakeland

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (3)

Norway

Russia

Sweden

In charge right now

Alexander Stubb Head of state

Petteri Orpo Head of government

Figures from its history

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Marshal and president Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was a Finnish military commander and statesman.

Jean Sibelius Composer Jean Sibelius was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early modern periods.

Tarja Halonen First female president Tarja Kaarina Halonen is a Finnish politician who served as the president of Finland, and the first and to date only woman to hold the position in Finland, from 2000 to 2012.