Mongolia

MN / MNG 46.0°, 105.0°

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometers, making it the 18th-largest country in the world and the second largest landlocked nation after Kazakhstan, as well as the largest landlocked country that does not border an inland sea. With a population of 3.5 million, Mongolia is the world's most sparsely populated sovereign state, excluding Western Sahara. The country constitutes a significant portion of the Mongolian Plateau, and its natural environment is characterized by grassy steppe, mountains to the north and west, and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.

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Capital

Ulaanbaatar

Population

3,409,939

Area

1,564,116 km2

Climate

Desert or arid

Government

Semi-presidential republic

Currency

Mongolian tögrög

Languages

Mongolian 90%

Sells

coal, copper ore, gold, iron ore

Sells to

China 92%, Switzerland 6%, Italy 1%

Land borders

2: People's Republic of China, Russia

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+976

Founded

1992

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Mongolianofficial

90.0%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

milk
wheat
lamb/mutton
potatoes
beef
carrots/turnips

Largest cities

Ulan Bator	844,818
Erdenet	97,814
Darhan	83,883
Choibalsan	44,835
Nalayh	39,579

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

Iraq War2003–2011 Sino–Mongolian War1913–1915

Form of government

Semi-presidential republic.

parliamentary system

Money, belief and alliances

Money

Mongolian tögrög

Belongs to

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe International Civil Defence Organisation United Nations World Meteorological Organization International Development Association International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Asian Development Bank Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency UNESCO International Bank for Reconstruction and Development COMECON World Health Organization World Trade Organization Interpol

Climate and geography

desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

Climate zone

Desert or arid

Highest point

Hüiten Peak

Landmarks and landscapes

Gobi Desert Orkhon Valley Lake Khovsgol

Landlocked. Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (2)

People's Republic of China

Russia

In charge right now

Khurelsukh Ukhnaa Head of state

Uchral Nyam-Osor Head of government

Figures from its history

Genghis Khan Founder of the Mongol Empire Genghis Khan, also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.

Kublai Khan Emperor of the Yuan dynasty Kublai Khan, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China.

Damdin Sukhbaatar Revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar was a Mongolian revolutionary, founder of the Mongolian People's Party, and leader of the Mongolian partisan army that took Khüree during the Mongolian Revolution of 1921.