The geography wing
Practice Turkmenistan

No questions here on Civilizations, Historical flags, Turning points, Religion — nothing recorded for Turkmenistan.

Flag of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan

TM / TKM   39.0°, 60.0°

Read Turkmenistan on Wikipedia  ·  Recent news from Turkmenistan

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People are called
Turkmen
Driving side
Right
Calling code
+993
Capital
Ashgabat
Population
6,117,933
Area
491,210 km2
Climate
Desert or arid
Government
Presidential republic
Currency
Turkmenistan new manat
Languages
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%
Sells
natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum
Sells to
China 63%, Turkey 11%, Greece 7%
Land borders
4: Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Drives on the
right
Calling code
+993
Founded
1991
Hemisphere
Northern

WHAT PEOPLE ARE CALLED

Turkmen

These are English demonyms for people from Turkmenistan. A demonym describes a connection to a place; it does not mean everyone shares an ethnicity, language or religion.

Demonym source: mledoze/countries · Download the attributed dataset (ODbL)

Practice demonyms around the world →

SAME LAND, DIFFERENT WORLDS

Civilizations, flags & standards

Modern borders are a starting point for exploring the past. These cultures and states occupied some of the same land; they were not the same country. Dates describe each civilization or state as a whole, not continuous rule over every place listed.

A sourced civilization and flag trail has not been added for Turkmenistan yet. No ancient flag is inferred from the modern one.

Explore the history of this land · Browse civilizations & empires

Turning points

A curated timeline is not available yet. Explore the country's history and the historical figures below.

Read the historical overview →

Religion: state & society

An official religion is a legal status. The largest religious group is a population measure. Neither describes every person's beliefs.

Official status and a dated affiliation breakdown have not been checked for this country. The atlas's religion tags are not a population ranking.

Choose your next rabbit hole

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Turkmenofficial
72.0%
12.0%
9.0%

Largest cities

Ashgabat  capital 1,030,063
Türkmenabat 230,861
Daşoguz 201,142
Mary 167,027
Türkmenbaşy 91,745

Form of government

Presidential republic.

Climate and geography

subtropical desert

Highest point

Landmarks and landscapes

Landlocked. Northern hemisphere.

Figures from its history

Saparmurat Niyazov
Saparmurat Niyazov President for life, 1991-2006 Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov was a Turkmen politician and dictator who led Turkmenistan from 1985 until his death in 2006.

Corrected in an AI-assisted review of the imported data (2026-09-22), not yet checked against a named source: climate zone.