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Afghanistan

AF / AFG   33.0°, 66.0°

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city. Afghanistan's population is estimated to be between 35 and 50 million.

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Capital
Kabul
Population
41,454,761
Area
652,230 km2
Climate
Desert or arid
Government
Theocratic
Currency
afghani
Languages
Afghan Persian or Dari 77%, Pashto 48%, Uzbeki 11%
Sells
coal, grapes, tropical fruits, gum resins
Sells to
Pakistan 42%, India 40%, China 4%
Land borders
6: People's Republic of China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan ...
Drives on the
right
Calling code
+93
Founded
2021
Hemisphere
Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

77.0%
Pashtoofficial
48.0%
11.0%
6.0%
3.0%

Largest cities

Kabul  capital 4,434,550
Herāt 574,300
Mazār-e Sharīf 523,300
Kandahār 523,300
Jalālābād 271,900

Climate and geography

arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

Highest point

Landlocked. Northern hemisphere.

Figures from its history

Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shah Durrani Founder of the Afghan state, 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire.
Ahmad Shah Massoud
Ahmad Shah Massoud Resistance commander, the Lion of Panjshir Ahmad Shah Massoud was an Afghan military leader and politician. Known as the "Lion of Panjshir", he was the foremost commander of the Afghan mujahideen against Soviet occupation during the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979 to 1989.
Mohammed Zahir Shah
Mohammed Zahir Shah Last king, reigned 1933-1973 Mohammad Zahir Shah was the last king of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973.