Turkey

TR / TUR 39.0°, 36.0°

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 86 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

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Capital

Ankara

Population

85,372,377

Area

783,562 km2

Climate

Temperate

Government

Presidential republic

Currency

Turkish lira

Languages

Turkish, Kurdish

Sells

garments, cars, gold, refined petroleum

Sells to

Germany 9%, USA 6%, UK 6%

Land borders

8: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia ...

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+36

Founded

1923

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Turkishofficial

—

Kurdish

—

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

sugar beets
wheat
milk
tomatoes
barley
maize

Largest cities

Istanbul	15,701,602
Ankara capital	3,517,182
Bursa	3,101,833
İzmir	2,938,292
Gaziantep	2,222,415

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

World War II1939–1945 World War I1914–1918 Crimean War1853–1856 War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)2001–2021 Syrian civil war2011–2024 Greek War of Independence1821–1829 Balkan Wars1912–1913 Korean War1950–1953 Kosovo War1998–1999 War in Afghanistan (2015–2021)2015–2021 Iran–Turkey proxy conflict2011–now

Form of government

Presidential republic.

unitary state presidential system

Money, belief and alliances

Money

Turkish lira

Belongs to

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe United Nations World Meteorological Organization International Development Association International Energy Agency Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons NATO International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes MIKTA Australia Group Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Asian Development Bank Missile Technology Control Regime Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency UNESCO International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Climate and geography

temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior

Climate zone

Temperate

Highest point

Mount Ararat

Landmarks and landscapes

Hagia Sophia Cappadocia Pamukkale Ephesus Bosphorus

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (8)

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Bulgaria

Georgia

Greece

Iraq

Iran

Syria

In charge right now

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Head of state and government

Süleyman Demirel Head of government

Turgut Özal Head of government

Figures from its history

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Founder of the republic Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish field marshal and statesperson who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and served as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.

Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman sultan at the empire's height Suleiman I, commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent, was the Ottoman sultan from 1520 to 1566.

Mehmed II Conqueror of Constantinople Mehmed II, commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire twice, from August 1444 to September 1446 and again from February 1451 to May 1481.

Orhan Pamuk Nobel laureate novelist Ferit Orhan Pamuk is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic, and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.