Bulgaria

BG / BGR 42.8°, 25.5°

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania across the Danube river to the north. It covers a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), making it the tenth largest within the European Union and the sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities include Plovdiv, Varna, and Burgas.

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Capital

Sofia

Population

6,423,207

Area

110,993 km2

Climate

Temperate

Government

Parliamentary republic

Languages

Bulgarian 77.3%, Turkish 7.9%, Romani 3.5%

Sells

refined petroleum, garments, refined copper, wheat

Sells to

Germany 14%, Romania 11%, Italy 8%

Land borders

5: Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia ...

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+359

Founded

1878

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Bulgarianofficial

77.3%

Turkish

7.9%

Romani

3.5%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

wheat
maize
sunflower seeds
barley
milk
rapeseed

Largest cities

Sofia capital	1,152,556
Plovdiv	329,489
Varna	318,737
Burgas	210,646
Stara Zagora	121,582

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

World War II1939–1945 World War I1914–1918 Balkan Wars1912–1913 Iraq War2003–2011 Soviet-Bulgarian War1944

Form of government

Parliamentary republic.

parliamentary republic

Money, belief and alliances

Belongs to

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Organisation internationale de la Francophonie United Nations World Meteorological Organization European Union Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Antarctic Treaty System NATO International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Australia Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Missile Technology Control Regime UNESCO International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Climate and geography

temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Climate zone

Temperate

Highest point

Musala

Landmarks and landscapes

Rila Monastery Black Sea coast

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (5)

Greece

North Macedonia

Romania

Serbia

Turkey

In charge right now

Rumen Radev Head of state and government

Iliana Iotova Head of state

Kiril Petkov Head of government

Figures from its history

Simeon I Tsar of the First Bulgarian Empire Simeon I the Great was the ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 until his death in 927.

Vasil Levski Revolutionary against Ottoman rule Vasil Levski, born Vasil Ivanov Kunchev, was a Bulgarian revolutionary who is, today, a national hero of Bulgaria.

Todor Zhivkov Communist leader, 1954-1989 Todor Hristov Zhivkov was a Bulgarian communist politician who served as the de facto leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from 1956 until 1989 as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party.