Pakistan

PK / PAK 30.0°, 71.0°

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the second-largest Muslim population in the world as of 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area. Bounded by the Arabian Sea on the south, the Gulf of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir Creek on the southeast, it shares land borders with India to the east; Afghanistan to the west; Iran to the southwest; and China to the northeast. It shares a maritime border with Oman in the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan in the northwest by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor.

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Capital

Islamabad, Rawalpindi

Population

223,773,700

Area

881,913 km2

Climate

Desert or arid

Government

Federal parliamentary republic

Currency

Pakistani rupee

Languages

Punjabi 38.8%, Pashto 18.2%, Sindhi 14.6%

Sells

garments, fabric, refined petroleum, rice

Sells to

USA 14%, UAE 10%, China 9%

Land borders

4: Afghanistan, People's Republic of China, India, Iran

Drives on the

left

Calling code

+92

Founded

1947

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Punjabi

38.8%

Pashto

18.2%

Sindhi

14.6%

Saraiki

12.2%

Urduofficial

7.1%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

sugarcane
bison milk
wheat
milk
rice
maize

Largest cities

Lahore	13,004,135
Karachi	11,624,219
Peshawar	4,758,762
Faisalabad	3,800,193
Rawalpindi	3,357,612

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

Soviet-Afghan War1979–1989 War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)2001–2021 Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts1947–now Bangladesh Liberation War1971 Indo-Pakistani War of 19651965 Kashmir conflict1947–now Kargil War1999 Indo-Pakistani War of 19711971 2026 Afghanistan–Pakistan War insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa2004–now

Form of government

Federal parliamentary republic.

federal republic parliamentary republic

Money, belief and alliances

Money

Pakistani rupee

Belief

Islam Hinduism Christianity Ahmadiyya

Belongs to

United Nations World Meteorological Organization International Civil Defence Organisation Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Asian Development Bank Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Commonwealth of Nations UNESCO International Bank for Reconstruction and Development states with nuclear weapons World Health Organization Interpol World Trade Organization International Hydrographic Organization Universal Postal Union

Climate and geography

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Climate zone

Desert or arid

Highest point

Landmarks and landscapes

Badshahi Mosque Mohenjo-daro Karakoram

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (4)

Afghanistan

People's Republic of China

India

Iran

In charge right now

Asif Ali Zardari Head of state

Shehbaz Sharif Head of government

Figures from its history

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister, statesman, and the founder of Pakistan.

Benazir Bhutto Prime minister, assassinated in 2007 Benazir Bhutto was a Pakistani stateswoman who twice served as the prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.

Malala Yousafzai Nobel laureate education campaigner Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani female education activist, and producer of film and television.

Abdul Sattar Edhi Philanthropist Abdul Sattar Edhi was a Pakistani humanitarian, philanthropist and ascetic who founded the Edhi Foundation, which runs the world's largest volunteer ambulance network, along with homeless shelters, animal shelters, rehabilitation centres, and orphanages...