Italy

IT / ITA 42.5°, 12.5°

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Rome is the capital of Italy; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, Bari, and Venice.

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Capital

Rome

Population

58,850,717

Area

302,068 km2

Climate

Mediterranean

Government

Parliamentary republic

Languages

Italian, German, French

Sells

packaged medicine, garments, cars, refined petroleum

Sells to

Germany 11%, USA 11%, France 10%

Land borders

6: Austria, Switzerland, France, Slovenia ...

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+39

Founded

1946

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Italianofficial

—

German

—

French

—

Slovene

—

Croatian

—

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

milk
wheat
grapes
tomatoes
maize
olives

Largest cities

Rome capital	2,318,895
Milan	1,371,498
Naples	909,048
Turin	847,287
Palermo	648,260

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

World War II1939–1945 World War I1914–1918 Napoleonic Wars1803–1815 Thirty Years' War1618–1648 Crimean War1853–1856 Spanish Civil War1936–1939 Gulf War1990–1991 War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)2001–2021 First Libyan Civil War2011 Iraq War2003–2011 War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)2001–2021 Kosovo War1998–1999 War in Afghanistan (2015–2021)2015–2021

Form of government

Parliamentary republic.

unitary state parliamentary republic1946–now

Money, belief and alliances

Belongs to

Latin Union International Civil Aviation Organization Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement UN Trade and Development European Southern Observatory European Air Transport Command Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees International Fund for Agricultural Development World Meteorological Organization European Coal and Steel Community United Nations European Union International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance International Energy Agency

Climate and geography

predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south

Climate zone

Mediterranean

Highest point

Mont Blanc

Landmarks and landscapes

Colosseum Leaning Tower of Pisa Venice Pompeii Mount Vesuvius Amalfi Coast

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (6)

Austria

Switzerland

France

Slovenia

San Marino

Vatican City

In charge right now

Giorgia Meloni Head of government

Sergio Mattarella Head of state

Figures from its history

Giuseppe Garibaldi Unifier of Italy Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, revolutionary and republican.

Benito Mussolini Fascist dictator, 1922-1943 Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and dictator who led the Kingdom of Italy as a fascist dictatorship from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943.

Leonardo da Vinci Polymath Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.

Julius Caesar Roman general and dictator Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, and author who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost continuously from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.