Ethiopia

ET / ETH 9.0°, 40.0°

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the southeast, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,104,300 km2 (426,400 sq mi). As of 2026, it has around 138 million inhabitants, making it the 10th-most populous country in the world and 2nd most populous country in Africa. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates.

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Capital

Addis Ababa

Population

128,691,692

Area

1,104,300 km2

Climate

Tropical

Government

Federal parliamentary republic

Currency

bir

Languages

Oromo 33.8%, Amharic 29.3%, Somali 6.2%

Sells

coffee, garments, dried legumes, cut flowers

Sells to

USA 12%, China 10%, UAE 8%

Land borders

6: Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Sudan ...

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+251

Founded

1995

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Oromoofficial

33.8%

Amharicofficial

29.3%

Somaliofficial

6.2%

Tigrignaofficial

5.9%

Sidamo

4.0%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

maize
cereals
wheat
milk
sorghum
barley

Largest cities

Addis Ababa capital	3,860,000
Jijiga	483,000
Gonder	466,000
Mek'ele	457,900
Nazrēt	456,900

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

World War II1939–1945 Eritrean War of Independence1961–1991 Korean War1950–1953 Ogaden War1977–1978 Eritrean–Ethiopian War1998–2000 War in Somalia2006–2009 Ethiopian Civil War1871 Ethiopian-Somali border conflict1960–1964

Form of government

Federal parliamentary republic.

federal republic

Money, belief and alliances

Money

bir

Belongs to

World Meteorological Organization United Nations International Development Association Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons African Union Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency UNESCO International Bank for Reconstruction and Development World Health Organization Interpol BRICS Universal Postal Union Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States World Customs Organization International Telecommunication Union

Climate and geography

tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

Climate zone

Tropical

Highest point

Ras Dashen

Landmarks and landscapes

Rock-hewn churches, Lalibela Simien Mountains Danakil Depression

Landlocked. Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (6)

Djibouti

Eritrea

Kenya

Sudan

Somalia

South Sudan

In charge right now

Abiy Ahmed Head of government

Taye Atske Selassie Head of state

Figures from its history

Haile Selassie Emperor, 1930-1974 Haile Selassie I was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as the Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia under Empress Zewditu between 1916 and 1930.

Menelik II Defeated Italy at Adwa in 1896 Menelik II, baptised as Sahle Maryam, was king of Shewa from 1866 to 1889 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to his death in 1913.

Abiy Ahmed Prime minister and Nobel laureate Abiy Ahmed Ali is an Ethiopian politician who is the current Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018 and the leader of the Prosperity Party since 2019.