Official status
Islam is the state religion.
Status reference
Practice Saudi Arabia
No questions here on Civilizations, Historical flags, Turning points — nothing recorded for Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia
SA / SAU 23.7°, 44.1°
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia that occupies the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. Covering a land area of approximately 2,149,690 km2 (830,000 sq mi), it is the fifth-largest country in Asia and the twelfth-largest in the world. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, the Arabian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates it from Egypt and Israel. Riyadh is the capital and largest city, while other major centers include Jeddah and the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina.
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WHAT PEOPLE ARE CALLED
Saudi Arabian
These are English demonyms for people from Saudi Arabia. A demonym describes a connection to a place; it does not mean everyone shares an ethnicity, language or religion.
Demonym source: mledoze/countries · Download the attributed dataset (ODbL)SAME LAND, DIFFERENT WORLDS
Civilizations, flags & standards
Modern borders are a starting point for exploring the past. These cultures and states occupied some of the same land; they were not the same country. Dates describe each civilization or state as a whole, not continuous rule over every place listed.
A sourced civilization and flag trail has not been added for Saudi Arabia yet. No ancient flag is inferred from the modern one.
Explore the history of this land · Browse civilizations & empires
Turning points
A curated timeline is not available yet. Explore the country's history and the historical figures below.
Read the historical overview →Religion: state & society
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An official religion is a legal status. The largest religious group is a population measure. Neither describes every person's beliefs.
Religious affiliation
Largest religious group: Islam
Country overview; no percentages shownCitizenship and total-resident population are different denominators. Non-Muslim migrant communities are part of the resident population.
Affiliation source & methodologyExplore recorded traditions
BEYOND THE MAP
Saudi Arabia in the study desk
Places and things the general-knowledge library connects to Saudi Arabia. Open one to follow its connections, then practise them with typed recall.
Geography 5
Choose your next rabbit hole
Where it is
Languages
Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.
Arabicofficial
—
What it sells, and to whom
Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.
Trades with
Natural resources
Industries
Farms and fisheries
- milk
- dates
- chicken
- wheat
- tomatoes
- watermelons
Largest cities
| Riyadh capital | 6,924,566 |
| Jeddah | 3,751,722 |
| Mecca | 2,427,924 |
| Medina | 1,477,023 |
| Dammam | 1,386,166 |
Wars and conflicts
Conflicts this country is attached to. Click one to see the others. Each says what kind of claim it is: a principal belligerent is hand-checked against the modern state that succeeded the power that fought, while a recorded participant comes from the bulk import, which does not separate combat from funding, basing, occupation or reconstruction. Neither list is complete, so a country missing from a war may still have taken part — which is why the quiz no longer asks who fought in what.
World War I1914–1918
principal belligerent
Yom Kippur War1973
principal belligerent
Syrian civil war2011–2024
principal belligerent
Gulf War1990–1991
principal belligerent
North Yemen civil war1962–1970
recorded participant
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
recorded participant
Saudi–Yemeni War1934
recorded participant
Money, belief and alliances
Money
Belongs to
United Nations
World Meteorological Organization
International Civil Defence Organisation
International Development Association
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
Arab League
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
UNESCO
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
World Health Organization
Interpol
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf
Climate and geography
harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes
Climate zone
Highest point
Landmarks and landscapes
Northern hemisphere.
In charge right now
Figures from its history
Ibn Saud
Founder of the kingdom
Abdulaziz bin Abdu Rahman Al Saud, known in the Western world as Ibn Saud, and known with his kunya Abu Turki, was a Najdi statesman and religious leader who became the founder and first King of Saudi Arabia, reigning from 23 September 1932 until his death in...
Faisal of Saudi Arabia
King who led the 1973 oil embargo
Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 until his assassination in 1975.
Mohammed bin Salman
Crown prince
Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, also known as MbS, is the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, formally serving as Crown Prince and Prime Minister.
Leaders before them
Corrected in an AI-assisted review of the imported data (2026-09-22), not yet checked against a named source: cities, famous, founded, past leaders, wars.