Poland

PL / POL 52.0°, 19.0°

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, and borders Lithuania and Russia to the northeast; Belarus and Ukraine to the east; Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south; and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the fifth largest EU country by land area, covering 312,696 km2 (120,733 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk.

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Capital

Warsaw

Population

37,563,071

Area

312,683 km2

Climate

Temperate

Government

Parliamentary republic

Currency

złoty

Languages

Polish 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%

Sells

vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, plastic products, cars

Sells to

Germany 25%, UK 6%, Czechia 6%

Land borders

7: Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania ...

Drives on the

right

Calling code

+48

Founded

1918

Hemisphere

Northern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Polishofficial

98.2%

Silesian

1.4%

What it sells, and to whom

Every line is a thread: click a commodity or a partner to see who else trades in it.

Farms and fisheries

sugar beets
milk
wheat
maize
potatoes
triticale

Largest cities

Warsaw capital	1,702,139
Kraków	816,614
Wrocław	672,545
Łódź	639,890
Poznań	536,151

Wars and conflicts

Click one to see everyone else who fought in it.

World War II1939–1945 World War I1914–1918 Napoleonic Wars1803–1815 Thirty Years' War1618–1648 War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)2001–2021 Iraq War2003–2011 War against Sigismund1598–1599 War in Afghanistan (2015–2021)2015–2021

Form of government

Parliamentary republic.

parliamentary system unitary state semi-presidential system

Money, belief and alliances

Money

złoty

Belongs to

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Council of the Baltic Sea States United Nations World Meteorological Organization European Union International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance International Energy Agency International Development Association Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons NATO Australia Group World Intellectual Property Organization Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Missile Technology Control Regime Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency UNESCO

Climate and geography

temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers

Climate zone

Temperate

Highest point

Rysy

Landmarks and landscapes

Wieliczka Salt Mine Auschwitz concentration camp Bialowieza Forest Wawel Castle

Northern hemisphere.

Land borders (7)

Belarus

Czech Republic

Germany

Lithuania

Russia

Slovakia

Ukraine

In charge right now

Donald Tusk Head of government

Karol Nawrocki Head of state

Figures from its history

Lech Walesa Solidarity leader and president Lech Wałęsa is a Polish statesman, dissident and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the president of Poland between 1990 and 1995.

John Paul II Pope, born in Wadowice Pope John Paul II was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death in 2005.

Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

Jozef Pilsudski Founder of the interwar republic Józef Klemens Piłsudski was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland.