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Peru

PE / PER   -9.4°, -76.0°

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered to the north by Ecuador and Colombia, to the east by Brazil, to the southeast by Bolivia, to the south by Chile, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country, with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west, to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country, to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

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Capital
Lima
Population
34,157,732
Area
1,285,216 km2
Climate
Tropical
Government
Presidential republic
Currency
Nuevo sol
Languages
Spanish 82.9%, Quechua 13.6%, Aymara 1.6%
Sells
copper ore, gold, refined copper, refined petroleum
Sells to
China 34%, USA 14%, Canada 5%
Land borders
5: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia ...
Drives on the
right
Calling code
+51
Founded
1821
Hemisphere
Southern

Where it is

Languages

Share of the population that speaks each. Click one to see every country that speaks it.

Spanishofficial
82.9%
Quechuaofficial
13.6%
Aymaraofficial
1.6%
0.3%

Largest cities

Lima  capital 7,737,002
Callao 1,226,200
Arequipa 1,195,700
Trujillo 1,067,700
Piura 630,000

Form of government

Presidential republic.

Climate and geography

varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes

Climate zone

Highest point

Southern hemisphere.

In charge right now

Figures from its history

Tupac Amaru II
Tupac Amaru II Leader of the great indigenous revolt Túpac Amaru II was an Indigenous cacique who led a large Andean rebellion against the Spanish in Peru as self-proclaimed Sapa Inca of the new Inca Empire.
Pachacuti
Pachacuti Inca emperor who built Machu Picchu Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacútec, was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Chiefdom of Cusco, which he transformed into the Inca Empire.
Mario Vargas Llosa
Mario Vargas Llosa Nobel laureate novelist Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa was a Peruvian novelist, journalist, essayist, and politician.